The heading up of water above its normal level while passing under the bridge is known as-
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A.
Afflux
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B.
Free board
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C.
Scour
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D.
Clearance
Correct Answer:
A. Afflux
Explanation:
Afflux refers to the rise in the water level on the upstream side of a bridge or similar obstruction compared to the level it would have reached naturally. This increase occurs because the structure restricts the flow area, forcing the water to pile up as it approaches the opening. While free board provides a safety margin between the water and the bridge deck and scour involves the erosion of the riverbed, afflux specifically describes the hydraulic heading up of water caused by the constriction.
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