What industrial method is most typically used to produce sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?
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A.
Castner-Kellner process
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B.
Haber process
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C.
Electrolysis of brine
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D.
Contact process
Correct Answer:
C. Electrolysis of brine
Explanation:
The most typical industrial method used to produce sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is the electrolysis of brine, a process commonly known as the chloralkali process. In this electrochemical technique, an electric current is passed through a concentrated sodium chloride solution, resulting in the simultaneous production of sodium hydroxide, chlorine gas, and hydrogen gas. While historical methods like the Castner-Kellner process used mercury cathodes, modern industrial production predominantly utilizes membrane cell technology due to its higher energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Carbonate-based methods like the Leblanc and Solvay processes have been largely superseded by this electrolytic approach.
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