Why is fullerene considered a unique allotrope of carbon?
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A.
It is the softest allotrope of carbon.
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B.
It is formed only in high-pressure conditions.
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C.
It contains a pentagonal and hexagonal carbon arrangement.
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D.
It has a two-dimensional structure.
Correct Answer:
C. It contains a pentagonal and hexagonal carbon arrangement.
Explanation:
Fullerene, specifically C60 (Buckminsterfullerene), is recognized as a unique allotrope of carbon because its structure consists of atoms linked together to form a hollow cage. This cage-like geometry is composed of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a specific pattern of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons, resembling the surface of a soccer ball. Unlike other allotropes like diamond, which has a tetrahedral network, or graphite, which consists of stacked flat layers, fullerene's closed-shell molecular form and specific geometric arrangement of pentagonal and hexagonal rings distinguish it as a discrete molecular species of carbon.
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