Which of the following statements is/are true?
i. In elements, in the free or the uncombined state, each atom bears an oxidation number of zero.
ii. For ions composed of only one atom, the oxidation number is equal to the charge on the ion.
iii. In all its compounds, fluorine has an oxidation number of −1.
iv. The algebraic sum of the oxidation number of all the atoms in a compound must be zero.
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A.
Only i and ii
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B.
Only i, iii and iv
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C.
i, ii, iii and iv
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D.
Only i, ii and iii
Correct Answer:
C. i, ii, iii and iv
Explanation:
The correct statement includes all four points provided. In their elemental or uncombined form, atoms possess an oxidation state of zero. For monatomic ions, the oxidation number corresponds directly to the charge of that ion. Fluorine is the most electronegative element and consistently maintains an oxidation state of -1 in all its chemical compounds. Finally, the sum of all oxidation numbers for every atom within a neutral compound must always equal zero to maintain electrical neutrality. Therefore, options i, ii, iii, and iv are all accurate.
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