When a beam of 5.5 MeV α-particles emitted from a ²¹⁴Bi₈₃ radioactive source is allowed to fall on a thin foil of gold of thickness 2.1 × 10–7 m, then what percentage of an incident α-particles scatter by more than 1°.
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A.
0.00014
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B.
0.14
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C.
0.014
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D.
0.0014
Correct Answer:
D. 0.0014
Explanation:
The Rutherford gold foil experiment demonstrated that while most alpha particles pass through the foil unaffected, a small fraction experiences significant deflection due to the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus. Experimental data showed that approximately 0.14% of the incident alpha particles are scattered by an angle of more than 1 degree. This observation supported the nuclear model of the atom, as it indicated that the majority of the atom's volume is empty space with a dense, positively charged center. Among the provided options, 0.14% correctly identifies the percentage of particles scattered beyond this specific threshold.
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