Which of the following is the primary reason for adopting deep foundations over shallow foundations?
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A.
Poor soil bearing capacity at shallow depths
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B.
Faster construction speed
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C.
High water table
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D.
Low construction cost
Correct Answer:
A. Poor soil bearing capacity at shallow depths
Explanation:
The correct answer is Poor soil bearing capacity at shallow depths.
Deep foundations, such as piles or caissons, are primarily used when the surface soil lacks the necessary strength to support the weight of a structure. By extending deep into the earth, these foundations transfer structural loads to more stable, higher-bearing soil or rock layers found further underground. This approach is essential for preventing structural failure or excessive settlement in areas where shallow soil layers are weak, compressible, or unstable. While factors like water tables and construction speed are considerations, the fundamental engineering requirement for choosing a deep foundation is the inadequacy of the soil's bearing capacity near the surface.
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