By which of the following methods do the conducting polymers which have an electron energy band structure characteristic of that for an electrical insulator at 0 K become conductive?
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A.
Heat treatment
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B.
Annealing
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C.
Crazing
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D.
Doping
Correct Answer:
D. Doping
Explanation:
Conducting polymers can be transformed from electrical insulators into conductors through a process known as doping. In this method, the polymer's electronic structure is modified by adding or removing electrons through chemical or electrochemical reactions. This introduces charge carriers, such as polarons or bipolarons, into the polymer chain, which allows for electrical conductivity. Unlike traditional semiconductors, this structural change enables the material to transport current efficiently despite having an insulator-like band structure at absolute zero.
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