In an energy diagram of P-N junction, when the junction is at equilibrium ______.
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A.
an energy gap between the conduction and valance bands increases
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B.
an energy gradient exists across the depletion region
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C.
no energy gradient exists across the depletion region
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D.
an energy gap between the conduction and valance bands decreases
Correct Answer:
B. an energy gradient exists across the depletion region
Explanation:
When a P-N junction reaches thermal equilibrium, there is no net flow of charge carriers, meaning the Fermi level is constant across the entire structure. In an energy band diagram, this state is characterized by an energy gradient existing across the depletion region, representing the built-in potential or electric field that opposes the further diffusion of electrons and holes. This internal electric field results in the bending of the conduction and valence bands, creating a slope or gradient within the junction area.
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