Which of the following is added to natural rubber and heated to make ebonite?
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A.
Sulphur
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B.
Phosphorous
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C.
Magnesium
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D.
Calcium
Correct Answer:
A. Sulphur
Explanation:
Natural rubber is converted into ebonite through a process called vulcanization, which involves adding high concentrations of sulphur—typically between 30% and 50% by weight—and applying heat. While standard vulcanization uses small amounts of sulphur to make rubber more elastic and durable, the addition of significantly more sulphur creates extensive cross-linking between the polymer chains. This chemical reaction transforms the material from a soft, flexible substance into a rigid, hard, and chemically resistant solid. Therefore, sulphur is the essential additive required to produce ebonite from natural rubber.
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