Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about hard water?
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A.
Hard water contains dissolved calcium and magnesium salts
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B.
Hard water lowers the boiling point of water
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C.
Hard water does not lather well with soap and forms white scum
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D.
Hard water decreases the cleansing ability of soap
Correct Answer:
B. Hard water lowers the boiling point of water
Explanation:
The correct option is B because the assertion that hard water lowers the boiling point of water is false. In reality, hard water contains dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium salts, which actually cause the boiling point to increase through a process called boiling point elevation. This occurs because the presence of non-volatile solute particles interferes with the solvent's ability to transition into a gas phase, requiring more heat to reach the boiling point. The other statements are accurate descriptions of hard water: it is defined by its high mineral content, it reacts with soap to produce an insoluble greyish-white scum instead of a rich lather, and this chemical reaction significantly reduces the soap's effectiveness for cleaning.
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