What is the process by which an atomic nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy?
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A.
Fusion
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B.
Radioactive decay
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C.
Fission
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D.
Nuclear transmutation
Correct Answer:
C. Fission
Explanation:
Nuclear fission is the scientific process in which a heavy atomic nucleus divides into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei. This reaction is typically triggered when a neutron strikes an unstable nucleus, such as Uranium-235, causing it to become even more unstable and split. This division results in a significant discharge of energy, primarily as heat and radiation, and often releases additional neutrons that can initiate a self-sustaining chain reaction. While related, fusion involves combining nuclei, and radioactive decay is a broader term for spontaneous nuclear changes. Therefore, fission is the specific mechanism described.
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