Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of 'moderates' and 'extremists'?
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A.
Swadeshi Movement
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B.
Quit India Movement
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C.
Non-Cooperation Movement
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D.
Civil Disobedience Movement
Correct Answer:
A. Swadeshi Movement
Explanation:
The movement that contributed to the split in the Indian National Congress into Moderates and Extremists was the Swadeshi Movement.
The Swadeshi Movement, launched in response to the Partition of Bengal in 1905, intensified ideological differences within the Congress.
The Moderates preferred constitutional methods and gradual reforms, while the Extremists advocated for direct action, boycott, and Swaraj (self-rule).
This led to the Surat Split in 1907, where the two factions formally divided, with leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak representing the Extremists and Gopal Krishna Gokhale leading the Moderates.
Therefore, the correct answer is (a) Swadeshi Movement.
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