Which amendment to the Constitution of India is also known as the "Mini-Constitution"?
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A.
42nd Amendment
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B.
44th Amendment
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C.
52nd Amendment
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D.
61st Amendment
Correct Answer:
A. 42nd Amendment
Explanation:
The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 is famously known as the Mini-Constitution because it introduced the most extensive and comprehensive changes to the Indian Constitution since its adoption. Enacted during the Emergency under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, this amendment altered the Preamble by adding the words Socialist, Secular, and Integrity, and introduced a new set of 10 Fundamental Duties for citizens under Article 51A. It also sought to centralize power by giving Directive Principles precedence over Fundamental Rights, extending the terms of the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies, and significantly restricting the judiciary's power of judicial review. Because it touched upon nearly every part of the constitutional framework, it is regarded as a miniature version of the Constitution itself.
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